railway builder

1 costruttore; imprenditore edile: railway builder, costruttore di ferrovie; a firm of builders, un'impresa edile

2 operaio (edile): The builders have nearly finished the bathroom, gli operai hanno quasi finito il bagno

3 creatore; costruttore; edificatore

4 cosa che crea, che forma, che sviluppa (qc.): character-builder, cosa che forma il carattere

● (GB) builders' merchant, fornitore di materiali per l'edilizia □ empire builder ► empire.

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Davidson, son of an Aberdeen merchant, attended Marischal College, Aberdeen, between 1819 and 1822: his studies included mathematics, mechanics and chemistry. He subsequently joined his father's grocery business, which from time to time received enquiries for yeast: to meet these, Davidson began to manufacture yeast for sale and from that start built up a successful chemical manufacturing business with the emphasis on yeast and dyes. About 1837 he started to experiment first with electric batteries and then with motors. He invented a form of electromagnetic engine in which soft iron bars arranged on the periphery of a wooden cylinder, parallel to its axis, around which the cylinder could rotate, were attracted by fixed electromagnets. These were energized in turn by current controlled by a simple commutaring device. Electric current was produced by his batteries. His activities were brought to the attention of Michael Faraday and to the scientific world in general by a letter from Professor Forbes of King's College, Aberdeen. Davidson declined to patent his inventions, believing that all should be able freely to draw advantage from them, and in order to afford an opportunity for all interested parties to inspect them an exhibition was held at 36 Union Street, Aberdeen, in October 1840 to demonstrate his "apparatus actuated by electro-magnetic power". It included: a model locomotive carriage, large enough to carry two people, that ran on a railway; a turning lathe with tools for visitors to use; and a small printing machine. In the spring of 1842 he put on a similar exhibition in Edinburgh, this time including a sawmill. Davidson sought support from railway companies for further experiments and the construction of an electromagnetic locomotive; the Edinburgh exhibition successfully attracted the attention of the proprietors of the Edinburgh 585\& Glasgow Railway (E \& GR), whose line had been opened in February 1842. Davidson built a full-size locomotive incorporating his principle, apparently at the expense of the railway company. The locomotive weighed 7 tons: each of its two axles carried a cylinder upon which were fastened three iron bars, and four electromagnets were arranged in pairs on each side of the cylinders. The motors he used were reluctance motors, the power source being zinc-iron batteries. It was named Galvani and was demonstrated on the E \& GR that autumn, when it achieved a speed of 4 mph (6.4 km/h) while hauling a load of 6 tons over a distance of 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km); it was the first electric locomotive. Nevertheless, further support from the railway company was not forthcoming, although to some railway workers the locomotive seems to have appeared promising enough: they destroyed it in Luddite reaction. Davidson staged a further exhibition in London in 1843 without result and then, the cost of battery chemicals being high, ceased further experiments of this type. He survived long enough to see the electric railway become truly practicable in the 1880s.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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George Forrester \& Co. built locomotives at the Vauxhall Foundry, Liverpool, between 1834 and c.1847. The first locomotives built by them, in 1834, were three for the Dublin \& Kingstown Railway and one for the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway; they were the first locomotives to have outside horizontal cylinders and the first to have four fixed eccentrics to operate the valves, in place of two loose eccentrics. Two locomotives built by Forrester in 1835 for the Dublin \& Kingstown Railway were the first tank locomotives to run regularly on a public railway, and two more supplied in 1836 to the London \& Greenwich Railway were the first such locomotives in England. Little appears to be known about Forrester himself. In the 1841 census his profession is shown as "civil engineer, residence 1 Lord Nelson Street". Directories for Liverpool, contemporary with Forrester \& Co.'s locomotive building period, describe the firm variously as engineers, iron founders and boilermakers, located at (successively) 234,224 and 40 Vauxhall Road. Works Manager until 1840 was Alexander Allan, who subsequently used the experience he had gained with Forrester in the design of his "Crewe Type" outside-cylinder locomotive, which became widely used.

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SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Civil engineering, Railways and locomotives

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Fox was a pupil of John Ericsson, helped to build the locomotive Novelty, and drove it at the Rainhill Trials in 1829. He became a driver on the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway and then a pupil of Robert Stephenson, who appointed him an assistant engineer for construction of the southern part of the London \& Birmingham Railway, opened in 1837. He was probably responsible for the design of the early bow-string girder bridge which carried the railway over the Regent's Canal. He also invented turnouts with switch blades, i.e. "points". With Robert Stephenson he designed the light iron train sheds at Euston Station, a type of roof that was subsequently much used elsewhere. He then became a partner in Fox, Henderson \& Co., railway contractors and manufacturers of railway equipment and bridges. The firm built the Crystal Palace in London for the Great Exhibition of 1851: Fox did much of the detail design work personally and was subsequently knighted. It also built many station roofs, including that at Paddington. From 1857 Fox was in practice in London as a consulting engineer in partnership with his sons, Charles Douglas Fox and Francis Fox. Sir Charles Fox became an advocate of light and narrow-gauge railways, although he was opposed to break-of-gauge unless it was unavoidable. He was joint Engineer for the Indian Tramway Company, building the first narrow-gauge (3 ft 6 in. or 107 cm) railway in India, opened in 1865, and his firm was Consulting Engineer for the first railways in Queensland, Australia, built to the same gauge at the same period on recommendation of Government Engineer A.C.Fitzgibbon.

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SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Telecommunications

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Gooch gained experience as a pupil with several successive engineering firms, including Vulcan Foundry and Robert Stephenson \& Co. In 1837 he was engaged by I.K. Brunel, who was then building the Great Western Railway (GWR) to the broad gauge of 7 ft 1/4 in. (2.14 m), to take charge of the railway's locomotive department. He was just 21 years old. The initial locomotive stock comprised several locomotives built to such extreme specifications laid down by Brunel that they were virtually unworkable, and two 2–2–2 locomotives, North Star and Morning Star, which had been built by Robert Stephenson \& Co. but left on the builder's hands. These latter were reliable and were perpetuated. An enlarged version, the "Fire Fly" class, was designed by Gooch and built in quantity: Gooch was an early proponent of standardization. His highly successful 4–2–2 Iron Duke of 1847 became the prototype of GWR express locomotives for the next forty-five years, until the railway's last broad-gauge sections were narrowed. Meanwhile Gooch had been largely responsible for establishing Swindon Works, opened in 1843. In 1862 he designed 2–4–0 condensing tank locomotives to work the first urban underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway in London. Gooch retired in 1864 but was then instrumental in arranging for Brunel's immense steamship Great Eastern to be used to lay the first transatlantic electric telegraph cable: he was on board when the cable was successfully laid in 1866. He had been elected Member of Parliament for Cricklade (which constituency included Swindon) in 1865, and the same year he had accepted an invitation to become Chairman of the Great Western Railway Company, which was in financial difficulties; he rescued it from near bankruptcy and remained Chairman until shortly before his death. The greatest engineering work undertaken during his chairmanship was the boring of the Severn Tunnel.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Werner von Siemens was the eldest of a large family and after the early death of his parents took his place at its head. He served in the Prussian artillery, being commissioned in 1839, after which he devoted himself to the study of chemistry and physics. In 1847 Siemens and J.G. Halske formed a company, Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens und Halske, to manufacture a dial telegraph which they had developed from an earlier instrument produced by Charles Wheatstone. In 1848 Siemens obtained his discharge from the army and he and Halske constructed the first long-distance telegraph line on the European continent, between Berlin and Frankfurt am Main.

Werner von Siemens's younger brother, William Siemens, had settled in Britain in 1844 and was appointed agent for the Siemens \& Halske company in 1851. Later, an English subsidiary company was formed, known from 1865 as Siemens Brothers. It specialized in manufacturing and laying submarine telegraph cables: the specialist cable-laying ship Faraday, launched for the purpose in 1874, was the prototype of later cable ships and in 1874–5 laid the first cable to run direct from the British Isles to the USA. In charge of Siemens Brothers was another brother, Carl, who had earlier established a telegraph network in Russia.

In 1866 Werner von Siemens demonstrated the principle of the dynamo in Germany, but it took until 1878 to develop dynamos and electric motors to the point at which they could be produced commercially. The following year, 1879, Werner von Siemens built the first electric railway, and operated it at the Berlin Trades Exhibition. It comprised an oval line, 300 m (985 it) long, with a track gauge of 1 m (3 ft 3 1/2 in.); upon this a small locomotive hauled three small passenger coaches. The locomotive drew current at 150 volts from a third rail between the running rails, through which it was returned. In four months, more than 80,000 passengers were carried. The railway was subsequently demonstrated in Brussels, and in London, in 1881. That same year Siemens built a permanent electric tramway, 1 1/2 miles (2 1/2 km) long, on the outskirts of Berlin. In 1882 in Berlin he tried out a railless electric vehicle which drew electricity from a two-wire overhead line: this was the ancestor of the trolleybus.

In the British Isles, an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1880 for the Giant's Causeway Railway in Ireland with powers to work it by "animal, mechanical or electrical power"; although Siemens Brothers were electrical engineers to the company, of which William Siemens was a director, delays in construction were to mean that the first railway in the British Isles to operate regular services by electricity was that of Magnus Volk.

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- builder

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- builder

SUBJECT AREA: Railways and locomotives

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Brassey was initially a surveyor and road builder; his first railway contract was for ten miles (16 km) of the Grand Junction Railway in 1835, for which the engineer was Joseph Locke, with whom Brassey became closely associated. Gaining a justified reputation for integrity, Brassey built much of the London \& Southampton, Chester \& Crewe, and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne \& Manchester Railways, the Le Havre \& Rouen Railway and many others: by the late 1840s he was employing some 75,000 workers on his contracts. Subsequently, as sole contractor or with partners, Brassey built railways in many European countries, and in Canada, India, Australia and other countries. Between 1848 and 1861 he constructed 2,374 miles (3,820 km) of railway.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Bury was the earliest engineer to build locomotives distinctively different from those developed by Robert Stephenson yet successful in mainline passenger service. A Liverpool sawmill owner, he set up as a locomotive manufacturer while the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway was under construction and, after experiments, completed the four-wheeled locomotive Liverpool in 1831. It included features that were to be typical of his designs: a firebox in the form of a vertical cylinder with a dome-shaped top and the front flattened to receive the tubes, and inside frames built up from wrought-iron bars. In 1838 Bury was appointed to supply and maintain the locomotives for the London \& Birmingham Railway (L \& BR), then under construction by Robert Stephenson, on the grounds that the latter should not also provide its locomotives. For several years the L \& BR used Bury locomotives exclusively, and they were also used on several other early main lines. Following export to the USA, their bar frames became an enduring feature of locomotive design in that country. Bury claimed, with justification, that his locomotives were economical in maintenance and fuel: the shape of the firebox promoted rapid circulation of water. His locomotives were well built, but some of their features precluded enlargement of the design to produce more powerful locomotives and within a few years they were outclassed.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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England trained with John Penn \& Sons, marine engine and boilermakers, and set up his own business at Hatcham Iron Works, South London, in about 1840. This was initially a general engineering business and made traversing screw jacks, which England had patented, but by 1850 it was building locomotives. One of these, Little England, a 2–2– 2T light locomotive owing much to the ideas of W.Bridges Adams, was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and England then prospered, supplying many railways at home and abroad with small locomotives. In 1863 he built two exceptionally small 0–4–0 tank locomotives for the Festiniog Railway, which enabled the latter's Manager and Engineer C.E. Spooner to introduce steam traction on this line with its gauge of just under 2 ft (60 cm). England's works had a reputation for good workmanship, suggesting he inspired loyalty among his employees, yet he also displayed increasingly tyrannical behaviour towards them: the culmination was a disastrous strike in 1865 that resulted in the loss of a substantial order from the South Eastern Railway. From 1866 George England became associated with development of locomotives to the patent of Robert Fairlie, but in 1869 he retired due to ill health and leased his works to a partnership of his son (also called George England), Robert Fairlie and J.S.Fraser under the title of the Fairlie Engine \& Steam Carriage Company. However, George England junior died within a few months, locomotive production ceased in 1870 and the works was sold off two years later.

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1) (attached to building) Hof, der

2) (for manufacture) Werkstatt, die; (for storage) Lager, das; (shipyard) Werft, die

3) (Amer.): (garden) Garten, der

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1) (an area of (enclosed) ground beside a building: Leave your bicycle in the yard; a school-yard; a courtyard.) der Hof

2) (an area of enclosed ground used for a special purpose: a shipyard; a dockyard.) die Werft

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n no pl, + sing/pl vb BRIT ( fam)

▪ the \Yard Scotland Yard m

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1) (MEASURE) Yard nt (0.91 m)

2) (NAUT) Rah f

1) (of farm, hospital, prison, school, house etc) Hof m

2) (= worksite) Werksgelände nt; (for storage) Lagerplatz m

3) (Brit inf)

4) (US: garden) Garten m

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yard¹ [jɑː(r)d] s

1. Yard n:

a sentence a yard long umg ein Bandwurmsatz;

his guess was yards out umg er lag mit seiner Schätzung völlig schief;

the whole nine yards US umg

a) alles, was dazugehört,

b) in jeder Beziehung

2. → academic.ru/83383/yardstick">yardstick 1

3. SCHIFF Rah f

4. US sl hundert oder tausend Dollar

yard² [jɑː(r)d]

A s

1. Hof m:

in the yard auf dem Hof

2. a) Lager-, Stapelplatz m

b) Bauhof m

3. BAHN Rangier-, Verschiebebahnhof m

4. the Yard umg für Scotland Yard

5. AGR (Vieh- etc) Hof m

6. US Garten m

7. US Winterweideplatz m (für Elche und Rotwild)

B v/t

1. Material etc in einem Hof lagern

2. oft yard up Vieh im Viehhof einschließen

y. abk

1. yard ( yards pl)

2. year ( years pl)

yd abk yard ( yards pl)

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1) (attached to building) Hof, der

2) (for manufacture) Werkstatt, die; (for storage) Lager, das; (shipyard) Werft, die

3) (Amer.): (garden) Garten, der

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Hof ¨-e m. (US) n.

Garten -¨ m. (halyard) (sailing) n.

Rahe -- (Segeln) f. (unit of measure) n.

Elle -n f. n.

Yard -s m.

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Stephenson's parents emigrated to the United States when he was 2 years old; he was educated in public schools in New York, where his parents had settled, and at a Wesleyan seminary. He became a clerk in a store at 16, but in 1828 he apprenticed himself to a coachbuilder, Andrew Wade, of Broome Street, New York. His apprenticeship lasted two years, during which time he learned mechanical drawing in the evenings and started to design vehicles. He was employed for a year on carriage repair work and in 1831 he opened his own coach repair business. Within a year he had built New York's first omnibus; this was bought by Abraham Brower, Stephenson's former employer, who started the city's first bus service. Brower immediately ordered a further three buses from Stephenson, and a further horse-drawn car was ordered by the New York \& Harlem Railroad. He built the car used at the opening of the railroad on 26 November 1832, the first street railway in the world. Orders followed for cars for many street railroads in other cities in the eastern States, and business prospered until the financial panic of 1837. Stephenson's factory was forced to close but he managed to pay off his creditors in the next six years and started in business again, building only omnibuses and coaches to become recognized as the world's foremost builder of streetcars. His first car had four flanged wheels, and a body of three compartments slung on leather straps from an unsprung chassis. He built horse-drawn cars, cable cars, electric and open cars; by 1891 his factory had 500 employees and was producing some twenty-five cars a week. His first patent had been dated 23 April 1833 and was followed by some ten others. During the Civil War, his factory was turned over to the manufacture of pontoons and gun carriages. He married Julia Tiemann in 1833; they had two sons and a daughter. He lived at New Rochelle, New York, from 1865 until his death.

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verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. built)

1) (construct) costruire [factory, church, railway]; erigere [ monument]

2) (assemble) costruire, assemblare [engine, ship]

3) inform. sviluppare [ software]; creare [ interface]

4) (establish) costruire [career, future]; instaurare [ relationship]; fondare, costruire [ empire]; favorire [ prosperity]; costituire, formare [ team]

5) costruire [sequence, set, word] (anche gioc.)

verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. built)

1) (construct) costruire

2) fig. (use as a foundation)

•

- build in

- build up

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- builder

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n. [cu]

1 ( di persona) corporatura; fisico: sturdy build, corporatura robusta; powerful build, fisico possente; solid build, corporatura forte (o massiccia); athletic build, fisico atletico; slender build, corporatura esile

2 (spec. di veicolo) struttura; linea.

(pass. e p. p. built)

A v. t.

1 costruire; edificare; erigere: to build new schools, costruire nuove scuole; to build a road, costruire (o fare) una strada; to build a ship, costruire una nave; to build a wall, costruire (o erigere) un muro; A swallow has built its nest under my roof, una rondine ha fatto il nido sotto il mio tetto

2 (mecc.) fabbricare; assemblare: to build a car, fabbricare un'automobile

3 creare; costruire; formare; sviluppare: to build a business, creare un'azienda; metter su un'impresa; to build confidence, creare fiducia; to build a relationship, sviluppare una relazione; to build an army, creare un esercito

4 ► to build up, A def. 3

5 (comput.) compilare ( un programma); creare (un database, ecc.)

6 – to build on (o upon) basare su; fondare su: to build a theory on facts, basare una teoria sui fatti; to build all one's hopes on st., fondare o (riporre) ogni speranza in qc.

7 – to build on (o upon), fare affidamento, contare su (qc.)

B v. i.

1 costruire: They are building in this district, costruiscono in questo quartiere

2 ( di uccello) nidificare

3 ► to build up, B def. 2

4 – to build on (o upon), basarsi su; far tesoro di ( conoscenze, esperienza, ecc.)

● (fig.) to build bridges ► bridge (1) □ (fig.) to build on sand, costruire sulla sabbia.

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verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. built)

1) (construct) costruire [factory, church, railway]; erigere [ monument]

2) (assemble) costruire, assemblare [engine, ship]

3) inform. sviluppare [ software]; creare [ interface]

4) (establish) costruire [career, future]; instaurare [ relationship]; fondare, costruire [ empire]; favorire [ prosperity]; costituire, formare [ team]

5) costruire [sequence, set, word] (anche gioc.)

verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. built)

1) (construct) costruire

2) fig. (use as a foundation)

•

- build in

- build up

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Mining and extraction technology, Railways and locomotives

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The son of a "coal viewer", Curr was brought up in the West Durham colliery district. In 1777 he went to the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at Sheffield, where in 1880 he was appointed Superintendent. There coal was conveyed underground in baskets on sledges: Curr replaced the wicker sledges with wheeled corves, i.e. small four-wheeled wooden wagons, running on "rail-roads" with cast-iron rails and hauled from the coal-face to the shaft bottom by horses. The rails employed hitherto had usually consisted of plates of iron, the flange being on the wheels of the wagon. Curr's new design involved flanges on the rails which guided the vehicles, the wheels of which were unflanged and could run on any hard surface. He appears to have left no precise record of the date that he did this, and surviving records have been interpreted as implying various dates between 1776 and 1787. In 1787 John Buddle paid tribute to the efficiency of the rails of Curr's type, which were first used for surface transport by Joseph Butler in 1788 at his iron furnace at Wingerworth near Chesterfield: their use was then promoted widely by Benjamin Outram, and they were adopted in many other English mines. They proved serviceable until the advent of locomotives demanded different rails.

In 1788 Curr also developed a system for drawing a full corve up a mine shaft while lowering an empty one, with guides to separate them. At the surface the corves were automatically emptied by tipplers. Four years later he was awarded a patent for using double ropes for lifting heavier loads. As the weight of the rope itself became a considerable problem with the increasing depth of the shafts, Curr invented the flat hemp rope, patented in 1798, which consisted of several small round ropes stitched together and lapped upon itself in winding. It acted as a counterbalance and led to a reduction in the time and cost of hoisting: at the beginning of a run the loaded rope began to coil upon a small diameter, gradually increasing, while the unloaded rope began to coil off a large diameter, gradually decreasing.

Curr's book The Coal Viewer (1797) is the earliest-known engineering work on railway track and it also contains the most elaborate description of a Newcomen pumping engine, at the highest state of its development. He became an acknowledged expert on construction of Newcomen-type atmospheric engines, and in 1792 he established a foundry to make parts for railways and engines.

Because of the poor financial results of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at the end of the century, Curr was dismissed in 1801 despite numerous inventions and improvements which he had introduced. After his dismissal, six more of his patents were concerned with rope-making: the one he gained in 1813 referred to the application of flat ropes to horse-gins and perpendicular drum-shafts of steam engines. Curr also introduced the use of inclined planes, where a descending train of full corves pulled up an empty one, and he was one of the pioneers employing fixed steam engines for hauling. He may have resided in France for some time before his death.

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1) bauen; errichten [Gebäude, Damm]; mauern [Schornstein, Kamin]; zusammenbauen od. -setzen [Fahrzeug]

2) (fig.) aufbauen [System, Gesellschaft, Reich, Zukunft]; schaffen [bessere Zukunft, Beziehung]; begründen [Ruf]

1) bauen

2) (fig.)

- academic.ru/84936/build_in">build in

- build into

- build on

- build up

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I. n no pl Körperbau m, Figur f

II. vt

1. (construct)

▪ to \build sth etw bauen

the church is built of [or out of] [or from] brick die Kirche ist aus Backstein

to \build a [bon]fire ein [Freuden]feuer machen

to \build a memorial [or monument] ein Denkmal errichten

to \build a nest ein Nest bauen

to \build an office block ein Bürogebäude errichten

to \build a wall eine Mauer ziehen

2. ( fig)

▪ to \build sth etw aufbauen

to \build a more democratic society/a new career eine demokratischere Gesellschaft/eine neue Laufbahn aufbauen

to \build a better future [for sb] [jdm [o für jdn]] eine bessere Zukunft schaffen

to \build one's vocabulary sein Vokabular ausbauen

▶ Rome wasn't built in a day ( prov) Rom wurde nicht an einem Tag erbaut prov

III. vi

1. (construct) bauen

2. (increase) zunehmen, wachsen; tension steigen

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1. n

2. vt

1) (generally) bauen

2) (fig) new nation, relationship, career, system etc aufbauen; a better future schaffen

3. vi

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build [bıld]

A v/t prät und pperf built [bılt]

1. (er)bauen, errichten, erstellen:

build a railway (US railroad) (line) eine Bahnlinie bauen;

build a fire (ein) Feuer machen;

build one’s hope on seine Hoffnung setzen auf (akk);

build a reputation for o.s. sich einen Namen machen;

build on anbauen

2. bauen:

a) konstruieren, machen

b) herstellen, fertigen:

build a nest from twigs ein Nest aus Zweigen bauen;

build in(to) einbauen (in akk) (a. fig); → built-in

3. build up

a) zu-, vermauern, zubauen,

b) ein Gelände bebauen: → built-up area

4. build up ein Geschäft, Reich etc gründen:

build up an existence (sich) eine Existenz aufbauen;

build up a reputation sich einen Namen machen;

build up one’s health seine Gesundheit festigen

5. gestalten, bilden

6. zusammenstellen, -tragen, (an)sammeln, eine Briefmarkensammlung etc aufbauen:

build up a case (Beweis)Material zusammentragen

7. build up vergrößern, steigern, erhöhen

8. build up jemanden (in der Presse etc) aufbauen, lancieren, groß herausstellen, Reklame machen für

9. build up ELEK, PHYS einschwingen, aufschaukeln

B v/i

1. bauen

2. fig bauen, sich verlassen ( beide:

on, upon auf akk)

3. be building im Bau (begriffen) sein

4. build up

a) zunehmen, sich vergrößern oder steigern oder erhöhen, (Musik etc) anschwellen (to zu),

b) sich anstauen (Wut etc)

5. build up sich bilden (Verkehrsstau etc)

C s

1. Bauart f, Form f, Gestalt f

2. Körperbau m, Figur f, Statur f

3. Schnitt m (Kleid)

4. US Steigerung f, Intensivierung f

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1) bauen; errichten [Gebäude, Damm]; mauern [Schornstein, Kamin]; zusammenbauen od. -setzen [Fahrzeug]

2) (fig.) aufbauen [System, Gesellschaft, Reich, Zukunft]; schaffen [bessere Zukunft, Beziehung]; begründen [Ruf]

1) bauen

2) (fig.)

- build in

- build into

- build on

- build up

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Statur -en f. (up) v.

aufbauen v. v.

= bauen v.

bilden v.

errichten v.

gründen v.

mauern v.

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Bousquet spent his entire working life with the Northern Railway of France, reaching the position of Chief Engineer of Rolling Stock and Motive Power in 1890. In 1886 he was associated with Alfred de Glehn, technical head of locomotive builder Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques, in the building of a four-cylinder, four-crank, compound 2–2–2–0 partly derived from the work of F.W. Webb. In continuing association with de Glehn, Bousquet then designed a four-cylinder, compound 440 with the low-pressure cylinders beneath the smokebox and the high-pressure ones outside the frames; the first was completed in 1891. The details were well designed and the locomotive was the forerunner of a highly successful series. It was developed into 4–6–0, 4–4–2 and 4–6–2 types, and examples were used in quantity by all the principal French railways and by some in Germany, while G.J. Churchward brought three of the 4–4–2s to the Great Western Railway in England for comparison with his own locomotives. In 1905 Bousquet introduced an articulated 0–6–2+2–6–0 compound tank locomotive for freight trains: the two driving bogies supported a frame carrying boiler, tanks, etc. At the time of his death he was working on compound 4–6–4 locomotives.

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See also: Mallet, Jules Théodore Anatole

SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering

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William Hosking was appointed Professor of'the arts and construction' at King's College, London, in 1840. He was an architect and engineer who moved to England in 1819 after working as a builder in Sydney. He thus represents an unusually early example of the reverse migration of professional talent between Britain and its colonies. He exhibited drawings in London, becoming a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1830 and Fellow of the Royal Institution of British Architects in 1835. He was then caught up, like so many of his contemporaries with engineering ability, in railway building, working on the West London Railway. From 1840 to his death in 1861 he occupied the Chair at King's College, making a pioneering contribution to the development of engineering education in Britain. He published his Theory, Practice and Architecture of Bridges in 1843, and contributed to the design for the British Museum reading room.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Winans arrived in Baltimore in 1828 to sell horses to the Baltimore \& Ohio Railroad (B \& O), which was then under construction. To reduce friction in rail vehicles, he devised a system of axles which ran in oil-baths, with outside bearings. He demonstrated a hand-driven wagon with this system at the Rainhill Trials; the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway bought some wagons fitted with the system, but found them on test to be inferior to wagons with grease axle boxes. Back in Baltimore, Winans assisted Peter Cooper in building Tom Thumb. He took charge of the B \& O shops c.1834; he is said to have built the first eight-wheeled passenger coach and to have been the first to mount such a coach on two four-wheeled trucks or bogies. The arrangement soon became standard American practice, and, with partners, he built over 100 locomotives for the B \& O. In 1847 he pioneered the use of anthracite as locomotive fuel, and from 1848 he built his "Camel" locomotives with the driver's cab above the boiler.

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See also: Stephenson, George

1) Медицина: rapid shallow breathing (ИВЛ)

2) Американизм: Reporting Services Branch

3) Спорт: Racing System Builder

4) Военный термин: PSYOP Regional Support Battalion, Railway Shop Battalion, Regional Shipping Board, Regional Shipping Board RSAF, Royal Small Arms Factory, range safety beacon, reconnaissance strike bomber, reference standards book, regimental stretcher-bearer, Roadside Bomb

5) Техника: reactor service building, reflected shadow boundary

6) Железнодорожный термин: Rochester Subway

7) Бухгалтерия: Recognised Supervisory Bodies

8) Грубое выражение: Real Stupid Bozos

9) Металлургия: reducing sizing block

10) Сокращение: Rescue & Security Boat

11) Иммунология: Regulator Of Sigma B

12) Химическое оружие: Rear Support Base

13) Общественная организация: Related Societies Board

14) Программное обеспечение: Red Storm Bitmap

15) AMEX. Tiers Call PRIN- Protected

1) Медицина: rapid shallow breathing (ИВЛ)

2) Американизм: Reporting Services Branch

3) Спорт: Racing System Builder

4) Военный термин: PSYOP Regional Support Battalion, Railway Shop Battalion, Regional Shipping Board, Regional Shipping Board RSAF, Royal Small Arms Factory, range safety beacon, reconnaissance strike bomber, reference standards book, regimental stretcher-bearer, Roadside Bomb

5) Техника: reactor service building, reflected shadow boundary

6) Железнодорожный термин: Rochester Subway

7) Бухгалтерия: Recognised Supervisory Bodies

8) Грубое выражение: Real Stupid Bozos

9) Металлургия: reducing sizing block

10) Сокращение: Rescue & Security Boat

11) Иммунология: Regulator Of Sigma B

12) Химическое оружие: Rear Support Base

13) Общественная организация: Related Societies Board

14) Программное обеспечение: Red Storm Bitmap

15) AMEX. Tiers Call PRIN- Protected